Zomwe zimayambitsa moto mu mphamvu ya lithiamu batire paketi?

M'zaka zaposachedwa, moto ndi kuphulika kwachitika kawirikawiri m'mafakitale ena amagetsi, ndipo chitetezo cha mabatire a lithiamu chakhala vuto lalikulu kwambiri kwa ogula.Moto wa mphamvu batri ya lithiamu-ionpaketi ndiyosowa kwambiri, koma ikangochitika, imayambitsa kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndikuyambitsa kuwonekera kwambiri.Kuyaka kwa batire ya lithiamu kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha vuto mkati mwa batire osati batire yomwe.Chifukwa chachikulu ndi kuthawa kwa kutentha.

Chifukwa cha moto mu mphamvu lithiamu batire paketi

Chifukwa chachikulu cha moto wa lithiamu batire paketi ndikuti kutentha kwa batire sikungatulutsidwe molingana ndi zofunikira za kapangidwe kake, ndipo moto umayamba pambuyo pofika poyatsira zida zamkati ndi zakunja, ndipo zifukwa zazikulu za izi ndizofupika kunja, kutentha kwakunja komanso mkati. dera lalifupi..

Monga gwero lamphamvu la magalimoto amagetsi oyera, chomwe chimayambitsa moto mu mapaketi a batri a lithiamu-ion ndi kuthawa kwamafuta komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutenthedwa kwa batri, komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri pakutha kwa batire ndikutulutsa.Popeza batire ya lithiamu-ion yokha imakhala ndi kukana kwina kwa mkati, imapanga kutentha kwina pamene imatulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi kuti ipereke mphamvu zamagalimoto amagetsi oyera, zomwe zidzawonjezera kutentha kwake.Pamene kutentha kwake kumaposa kutentha kwake kwanthawi zonse, batri yonse ya lithiamu idzawonongeka.Moyo wautali wamagulu ndi chitetezo.

Thedongosolo la batri lamphamvuamapangidwa ndi angapo mphamvu batire maselo.Panthawi yogwira ntchito, kutentha kwakukulu kumapangidwa ndikusonkhanitsa mubokosi laling'ono la batri.Ngati kutentha sikungatheke mwamsanga panthawi, kutentha kwakukulu kudzakhudza moyo wa mphamvu ya lithiamu batire paketi ndipo ngakhale Thermal kuthawa kumachitika, zomwe zimabweretsa ngozi monga moto ndi kuphulika.

Poganizira za kutha kwa batri ya lithiamu-ion batire, njira zomwe zili m'nyumba zapakhomo zimasinthidwa makamaka kuchokera kuzinthu ziwiri: chitetezo chakunja ndi kusintha kwamkati.Chitetezo chakunja makamaka chimatanthawuza kukweza ndi kuwongolera kwadongosolo, ndipo kukonza kwamkati kumatanthawuza kuwongolera kwa batri palokha.

Nazi zifukwa zisanu zomwe mphamvu za lithiamu batire zimayaka moto:

1. Dera lalifupi lakunja

Dongosolo lalifupi lakunja likhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi ntchito yolakwika kapena kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika.Chifukwa chakufupika kwakunja kwakunja, kutulutsa kwapaketi ya batri ya lithiamu ndi yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe imapangitsa kuti chitsulo chiwotche.Kutentha kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti diaphragm yomwe ili mkati mwachitsulo ikhale yocheperako kapena kuwonongeka kwathunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufupi kwapakati ndi moto.

2. Dera lalifupi lamkati

Chifukwa cha zochitika zamkati zamkati, kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa batri kumatulutsa kutentha kwambiri, komwe kumawotcha diaphragm, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lalikulu lalifupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kwambiri, electrolyte imawonongeka kukhala gasi, ndi mkati. kupanikizika ndi kwakukulu kwambiri.Pamene chigoba chakunja cha pachimake sichingathe kupirira kupanikizika kumeneku, pachimake chimagwira moto.

3. Kuchulukitsa

Chitsulo chachitsulo chikachulukitsidwa, kutulutsidwa kwakukulu kwa lithiamu kuchokera ku electrode yabwino kudzasintha mapangidwe a electrode abwino.Lifiyamu yochuluka imayikidwa mosavuta mu electrode yolakwika, ndipo n'zosavuta kuchititsa kuti lithiamu iwonongeke pamwamba pa electrode yolakwika.Mphamvu yamagetsi ikadutsa 4.5V, electrolyte imatha kuwola ndikupanga mpweya wambiri.Zonsezi zimatha kuyambitsa moto.

4. Madzi ndi ochuluka kwambiri

Madzi amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi electrolyte pakatikati kuti apange mpweya.Ikalipira, imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi lithiamu yopangidwa kuti ipange lithiamu oxide, zomwe zingapangitse kuti mphamvu yapakati iwonongeke, ndipo ndizosavuta kupangitsa kuti pachimake pawonjezeke kuti apange gasi.Madzi amakhala ndi mphamvu yowola yocheperako ndipo amawola mosavuta kukhala gasi akamalipira.Mipweya imeneyi ikapangidwa, mphamvu ya mkati ya pachimake imawonjezeka pamene chigoba chakunja cha pachimake sichingathe kupirira mpweya umenewu.Pamenepo pachimake chidzaphulika.

5. Kuchuluka kwa electrode kosakwanira

Pamene mphamvu ya elekitirodi negative wachibale ndi elekitirodi zabwino ndi osakwanira, kapena palibe mphamvu konse, ena kapena onse a lifiyamu kwaiye pa kulipiritsa sangathe anaikapo mu interlayer dongosolo la negative elekitirodi graphite, ndipo waikamo pa. mpweya wabwino wa elekitirodi.Kutuluka kwa "dendrite", gawo la protuberance iyi ndilosavuta kuyambitsa mpweya wa lithiamu panthawi yotsatira.Pambuyo pazaka makumi ambiri mpaka mazana a kuyitanitsa ndi kutulutsa, ma "dendrites" amakula ndikuboola pepala la septum, kuperewera mkati.